Which Gas Used In Fire Extinguisher

Fire extinguishers are crucial safety devices designed to control or extinguish fires by using various types of extinguishing agents, including gases. The choice of gas used in a fire extinguisher depends on the type of fire it is intended to combat and the specific properties of the gas. Here are some common gases used in fire extinguishers:

1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2):
   • CO2 extinguishers contain carbon dioxide gas stored under high pressure. When discharged, CO2 displaces oxygen, suffocating the fire by reducing the oxygen concentration in the surrounding air.
   • CO2 extinguishers are effective against Class B (flammable liquids) and Class C (electrical) fires. They leave no residue, making them suitable for use on delicate equipment and in confined spaces.

2. Dry Chemicals (Powder):
   • Dry chemical extinguishers contain a fine powder composed of chemicals such as monoammonium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, or potassium bicarbonate. These chemicals work by interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire, forming a barrier between the fuel and the oxygen.
   • Dry chemical extinguishers are versatile and can be used on Class A, B, and C fires. However, they may leave behind a residue that requires cleanup after use.

3. Halogenated Agents (Halon):
   • Halon extinguishers contain halogenated agents such as bromotrifluoromethane or chlorodifluoromethane. These agents work by interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire and inhibiting the combustion process.
   • Halon extinguishers were widely used in the past but have been largely phased out due to their ozone-depleting properties. They are still found in some critical applications but are being replaced by more environmentally friendly alternatives.

4. Clean Agents (HFC-227ea, FM-200):
   • Clean agent extinguishers use gases such as HFC-227ea (Heptafluoropropane) or FM-200 (HFC-227ea with additives). These agents are electrically non-conductive, leave no residue, and are environmentally friendly.
   • Clean agent extinguishers are suitable for Class A, B, and C fires and are commonly used in areas where sensitive equipment or materials are present, such as data centers, server rooms, and museums.

5. Water:
   • Water extinguishers contain water stored under pressure. They are effective for cooling and extinguishing Class A fires by reducing the temperature of the fuel below its ignition point.
   • Water extinguishers should not be used on Class B or C fires, as they may spread the fire or pose electrical hazards.
     

Understanding the type of gas used in a fire extinguisher is essential for selecting the appropriate extinguisher for specific fire hazards. Regular maintenance, proper training in extinguisher operation, and adherence to safety protocols are crucial for effective fire prevention and response.