Which Wire Use In Fire Alarm

Fire alarm systems are crucial for the safety of households and establishments, providing an early warning that can save lives and property. The wiring used in these systems is a critical component that ensures the proper functioning of the entire system. This understanding pushes us to dwell more into the depths of information about which wire should be used in a fire alarm. In this article, we will highlight the types of wires suitable for fire alarm systems, the reasons behind their suitability and the importance of certified fire alarm wiring.

Understanding Fire Alarm Systems

Before we delve into the particulars about the wiring used in fire alarm systems, it's important to understand the fire alarm system as a whole. A typical fire alarm system consists of initiating devices such as smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual pull stations and control equipment like fire alarm control panels (FACP). The function of all these devices is dependent on the correct type of wiring being used.

Types of Wires Used in Fire Alarm Systems

There are principally two types of wires used in fire alarm systems: power-limited fire alarm (PLFA) cable and fire alarm circuit integrity (FACI) cable. Let's look at each one of them individually.

Power-Limited Fire Alarm Cable (PLFA)

Power-limited fire alarm cables are the most commonly used wires in fire alarm systems. They are designed to keep its power basal as the name suggests; hence they pose minimal risk of shock or ignition. These types of wires are usually employed within walls, in cable trays or ducts. They come in both shielded and unshielded varieties. The choice between shielded and unshielded PLFA cables often depends on the electrical environment and the signal strength of the fire alarm system.

Fire Alarm Circuit Integrity Cable (FACI)

Fire alarm circuit integrity cable, also known as 2-hour fire-rated cable, is a type of wire specifically designed to withstand intense heat for up to two hours, maintaining the functionality of the fire alarm system during a fire outbreak. The "2-hour rating" implies that the cable, when exposed to fire, will continue to operate for two hours before failing, providing additional evacuation time in severe fire incidents.

Understanding the Proper Wire Size

Understanding the proper wire size for a fire alarm system is fundamental to prevent overloading and to ensure the proper conduction of the electrical signal. Wire size is gauged in AWG (American Wire Gauge), and typically, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 22 sizes are used in fire alarm systems. The size suitable for a system is dependent on the specific power requirements of that system.

Importance of Certified Fire Alarm Wiring

All fire alarm system wiring must meet the standards outlined by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and Underwriters Laboratories (UL). This certification ensures that the wires have been extensively tested and proven to provide efficient service when installed professionally. Utilizing certified wires ensures reliable and regulated performance, minimizing the risk of system failure in a crisis.

The Role of Professional Installation

Even the best fire alarm system and the most suitable wires can't guarantee safety unless installed properly. Therefore, professional installation is crucial. Professionals are required to comply with all state and local codes, design the system appropriately for the building's layout and ensure correct grounding, fitting, and cabling to reduce the risk of false alarms or system error.

Conclusion

Fire alarm systems serve a critical role in safeguarding lives and assets, and the wiring used in these systems is equally important. Power-limited fire alarm cables and fire alarm circuit integrity cables are predominantly used due to their dependable performance under different circumstances. Understanding the proper wire size for your system and ensuring the use of certified wires is crucial. Always remember, an efficient fire alarm system is a result of the right components and professional installation. By prioritizing these factors, rest assured that your premises will have the maximum possible protection against fire hazards.