Fire Extinguisher Classes | Types of Fire A B C D K Explained | Variex®

Learn about fire extinguisher classes (A, B, C, D, and K) and how to use them for different types of fires. Essential for workplace safety, compliance, and home security.

Main Types of Fire Extinguishers

The five main fire extinguisher types are

• Water

• Foam

• Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)

• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

• Wet Chemical

1. Water Fire Extinguisher

A water extinguisher is suitable for Class A fires involving wood, paper, cloth, or plastics. It cools the burning material quickly, which reduces heat and helps stop the flames safely.

2. Foam Fire Extinguisher

A foam extinguisher works on Class A and B fires. It cools solid materials and forms a foam layer that prevents oxygen from reaching the fire. Because of this, it performs well on flammable liquids and everyday solid materials.

3. Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) Fire Extinguisher

A DCP extinguisher handles Class A, B, and C fires by releasing a powder that interrupts the chemical reaction of the fire. As a result, it is one of the most versatile extinguishers for homes, vehicles, and workplaces.

4. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Fire Extinguisher

A CO₂ extinguisher is ideal for Class B and electrical fires. It removes oxygen and cools the flames without leaving residue. Therefore, it is commonly used in offices, server rooms, and areas with sensitive electronics.

5. Wet Chemical Fire Extinguisher

A wet chemical extinguisher is designed for Class F fires that involve cooking oils and fats. It cools the burning oil and creates a soap-like layer that seals the surface, which helps prevent the fire from starting again. For this reason, it is widely used in restaurants and commercial kitchens.

Classes of Fire

Class A – Solid Materials

Fires involving wood, paper, cloth, or plastics. These are among the most common fires in homes and offices.

Class B – Flammable Liquids

Fires caused by petrol, diesel, oils, paints, and other liquid fuels. For example, spills in kitchens or workshops often lead to these fires.

Class C – Flammable Gases

Fires involving gases such as LPG, propane, or butane. Therefore, proper storage and handling are essential.

Class D – Metal Fires

Fires caused by metals like magnesium, titanium, or aluminum. They usually occur in workshops or factories. In addition, these fires require special extinguishers.

Class E – Electrical Fires

Fires that start from faulty wiring, broken appliances, or short circuits. Since water conducts electricity, non-conductive extinguishing agents such as CO₂ are recommended.

Class F – Cooking Oils and Fats

Fires caused by hot oils or fats, mostly in kitchens. As a result, wet chemical extinguishers are the safest option.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher classes

Remember the PASS method:

1. P – Pull the pin to unlock the extinguisher.

2. A – Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.

3. S – Squeeze the handle to release the agent.

4. S – Sweep the nozzle side to side until the fire is completely out.

How to Maintain Fire Extinguisher Classes

Keeping extinguishers in good condition ensures they work during an emergency. Follow these simple steps:

1. Check the Pressure Gauge

The needle should remain in the green zone. If it isn’t, the extinguisher may fail when needed.

2. Inspect for Damage or Leaks

Check for dents, rust, cracks, or leaks. If you find any, service or replace the extinguisher.

3. Clean the Extinguisher

Remove dust, dirt, and grease from the nozzle and body to maintain performance.

4. Ensure Easy Access

Place the extinguisher upright in a visible and reachable spot.

5. Check the Safety Pin and Seal

Make sure the pin and tamper seal are intact. If either is missing, have it serviced immediately.

6. Annual Servicing

Have a certified technician inspect your extinguishers every year. Regular checks increase safety.

7. Refill After Use

Refill or replace the extinguisher after any discharge, even if only a small amount was used.